Rickets, also known as osteomalacia or "soft bone disease," is a metabolic bone disorder caused by insufficient mineralization of bone tissue. This condition results from a deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, leading to weak and soft bones. Vitamin D deficiency is a common nutritional issue among both children and adults, making osteomalacia a significant concern for bone health, even though osteoporosis is more widely recognized. It's important to understand osteomalacia, as it can lead to serious symptoms and complications, including bone pain, muscle weakness, and an increased risk of fractures.
Causes of Rickets/Osteomalacia
The primary cause of osteomalacia is a deficiency in vitamin D or calcium intake. Vitamin D is mainly produced through exposure to sunlight but can also be found in certain foods, such as fish and eggs. This vitamin is crucial for healthy bone growth, especially in children. In rare instances, osteomalacia may be caused by genetic factors. Additionally, kidney disorders can trigger this condition by causing the body to lose phosphorus, which is essential for maintaining bone health.
Here are some risk factors that can lead to osteomalacia:
Lack of sunlight exposure
Use of anticonvulsant medications
Obesity
Liver disease
Celiac disease
History of medical procedures, such as gastrectomy
Symptoms of Rickets/Osteomalacia
Symptoms of osteomalacia typically develop gradually and can be nonspecific. Some signs and symptoms that may occur include:
Fractures without any obvious trauma or injury
Tingling sensations in the hands or feet
Cramps in the hands or feet
Pain in the bones
Muscle weakness
Increased fatigue
Difficulty standing or climbing stairs
Unsteady gait
How to Diagnose Rickets/Osteomalacia?
The diagnosis of osteomalacia typically starts with an evaluation of risk factors, clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests that show deficiencies in vitamin D and/or calcium. These tests often reveal high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and low phosphate levels. In children, a definitive diagnosis requires radiographic evidence, while in adolescents and adults, biopsy and bone histomorphometry can provide conclusive confirmation.
A better understanding of osteomalacia and the significance of vitamin D is essential for raising public awareness about the importance of maintaining adequate nutritional intake and sun exposure to prevent this condition, which affects bone health. It's crucial to take care of our health from an early age to enjoy a more secure and happy life.
Sumber:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551616/
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rickets-and-osteomalacia/
https://yankes.kemkes.go.id/view_artikel/2821/osteomalacia
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