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- Aug 30
- 5 min read

Facing the Threat of Diabetes Mellitus in the Millennial Generation

Diabetes mellitus is now affecting not just adults and the elderly, but also an increasing number of young people. Modern lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and lack of physical activity are some of the main factors contributing to the rise in cases of diabetes mellitus among the younger generation.

According to data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Indonesia has the highest number of type-1 diabetes sufferers in the Southeast Asia region in 2022, with cases reaching 41,800 people. The IDF reported that in 2022, there were 8.75 million people with type-1 diabetes worldwide. Of these, about 1.52 million (17.0%) are under the age of 20, 5.56 million (64.0%) are between 20 and 59 years old, and 1.67 million (19.9%) are aged 60 or over.

So, What Is Diabetes Mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, known as hyperglycemia. This condition arises from abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, leading to chronic and varied dysfunctions in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Diabetes develops progressively and has a complex pathogenesis with diverse presentations.

Recognize the Signs and Symptoms of DM

The symptoms of diabetes can vary depending on the individual's blood sugar levels. Some people, particularly those with prediabetes, gestational diabetes, or type 2 diabetes, may not experience any symptoms. On the other hand, those with type 1 diabetes typically experience more rapid and severe symptoms. The symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes may include:

Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Unexplained weight loss
Presence of ketones in the urine, which are produced when the body breaks down muscle and fat due to insufficient insulin
Persistent fatigue and weakness
Irritability and mood changes
Blurred vision
Slow-healing wounds
Frequent infections, such as gum, skin, and vaginal infections

Risk Factors in Millennials

The millennial generation is at a higher risk of developing diabetes mellitus due to several factors:

Unhealthy diet: Consumption of fast food, sugary drinks, and high-calorie snacks is common among millennials. Research from the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) suggests that excessive sugar intake can lead to insulin resistance, an early sign of type 2 diabetes.
Lack of physical activity: Many millennials spend more time in front of computer screens or cellphones than engaging in physical exercise.
Stress and mental health: Pressures from work, finances, and social life can lead to chronic stress. Poor stress management can result in increased cortisol levels, which in turn can elevate blood sugar levels.
Weight: Being overweight or obese significantly increases the risk of developing diabetes.
Family history: The risk of developing type 2 diabetes is higher for individuals with a family history of the condition, such as parents or siblings with type 2 diabetes.

Bad Habits of Consuming Sweet Foods and Drinks

According to the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data, the consumption of sweet foods and drinks is highest among young people in Indonesia, with 87.9% consuming sweet foods and 91.49% consuming sweet drinks. The high consumption is influenced by several factors. Firstly, the weak regulatory system in Indonesia that governs the sale and sets standards for sweet foods and drinks. Secondly, the affordable price of sweet drinks in Indonesia, with an average sale price of IDR 1,500.00 per 180 mL in online stores. Lastly, the intensive marketing of sweet drinks through mass media advertisements. In Indonesia, sweet drink advertisements are widely broadcast on four private television stations, and currently, 62% of Indonesian children consume sweet drinks at least once a week.

Obesity is the precursor to DM

Obesity is a significant threat that can lead to the development of diabetes mellitus in the millennial generation. Advances in technology, especially in the food industry, have made it easier for millennials to consume high-calorie foods. One of the harmful components found in today's food and beverages is high fructose corn syrup (HCFS), a type of artificial sweetener commonly used in fast food and beverages. HCFS is produced from a chemical reaction involving cornstarch and contains a higher fructose content compared to regular sugar (sucrose).

When fructose enters the bloodstream during digestion, it does not prompt the pancreas to release insulin, unlike glucose. Additionally, fructose does not trigger the release of the hormone leptin or suppress the release of the hormone ghrelin, which are responsible for regulating hunger and fullness. As a result, individuals may not feel satiated when consuming foods high in fructose, leading them to overeat and ultimately accumulate excessive fructose in the body.

An Australian study on diabetes revealed that the average age of individuals with diabetes is 59 years. Compared to those diagnosed at an older age, individuals diagnosed with diabetes at a younger age face a 20-30% greater risk of death from various complications, and a 60% higher risk of death from heart vessel complications. These findings suggest that early-onset diabetes is associated with a higher likelihood of disease progression and complications.

Type 2 diabetes at a young age is primarily attributed to insulin resistance, which disrupts the regulation of blood sugar levels. Being overweight or obese during early years can exacerbate insulin function disruption, potentially leading to the development of type 2 diabetes if left untreated. Puberty-related hormonal changes can also exacerbate insulin resistance, raising the risk of type 2 diabetes. Consequently, this condition can cause a surge in blood sugar levels, serving as a precursor to a range of other health issues.

Threats of Complications That Can Occur

Complications from diabetes can impact several major organs, including the heart, blood vessels, nerves, eyes, and kidneys. Proper management of diabetes and controlling blood sugar levels can reduce the risk of these complications and other health conditions, such as:

Heart and blood vessel disease: Diabetes is linked to a higher risk of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, and the narrowing of blood vessels known as atherosclerosis.
Neuropathy: Prolonged high blood sugar levels can cause damage to nerves, resulting in tingling, numbness, burning, pain, or loss of sensation.
Nephropathy: This condition can impair the kidneys' ability to remove excess fluid and toxins from the body, potentially leading to kidney failure.
Eye damage: Diabetes increases the risk of serious eye diseases like cataracts and glaucoma, and can harm the blood vessels in the retina, potentially causing blindness.
Slow healing: Without proper treatment, cuts and abrasions can become severely infected and may not heal properly. Severe damage may require amputation of a toe, foot, or leg.
Other nerve damage: Damage to nerves around the heart can lead to irregular heart rhythms. Nerve damage to the digestive system can cause issues such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation. Nerve damage can also result in erectile dysfunction.

Solutions to Dealing with DM in the Millennial Generation

To reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus in the millennial generation, here are some preventive measures that can be taken:

Education and awareness: Increasing knowledge about the importance of a healthy diet and physical activity is the first step. Education through health campaigns and school programs can help.
Balanced diet: Consuming foods that are rich in fiber, low in sugar, and healthy fats is highly recommended.
Regular physical activity: Integrating exercise into your daily routine, such as walking, cycling, or other physical activities, can help regulate weight and improve insulin sensitivity.
Stress management: Developing stress management techniques, such as meditation, yoga, or psychological counseling, can help maintain hormonal balance and blood sugar levels.
Routine health monitoring: Consulting a doctor regularly to monitor blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels is very important. The use of health applications that help track blood sugar and eating habits can also be useful.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a significant threat to the millennial generation due to modern lifestyles. Dealing with DM requires a comprehensive approach, especially for millennials who may encounter unique challenges related to lifestyle and mental health. Prioritizing education and preventive measures is essential to preserve health and avert future diabetes epidemics. Early detection and proper management are crucial to prevent serious complications and enhance quality of life. Remember to schedule an annual medical check-up at K-Lab clinic to detect potential risks of the disease early, and address them promptly. Contact 081381367915.

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